Kowiri tira (Stainless Steel)Ko te whakapotonga o te rino kowiri tira waikawa, a ko nga karaehe rino e atete ana ki nga paoho ngoikore ngoikore penei i te hau, te mamaoa, te wai, te mea he kowiri rawa ranei ka kiia he kowiri tira.
Ko te kupu "kowiri tira" e kore e korero noa ki te ahua kotahi o te kowiri tira, engari e pa ana ki te neke atu i te kotahi rau nga momo kowiri tira ahumahi, he pai nga mahi o ia waahanga i roto i tana waahanga tono motuhake.
Kei roto katoa te 17 ki te 22% chromium, me te pai ake o nga karaehe rino kei roto ano he nickel.Ko te taapiri i te molybdenum ka taea te whakapai ake i te waikura o te hau, ina koa te aukati ki te pirau i roto i nga hau hauhauota.
一.Te whakarōpūtanga o te kowiri tira
1. He aha te kowiri tira me te rino waikawa-atete?
Whakautu: Ko te kowiri tira te whakapotonga o te rino kowiri tira-a-waikawa, he atete ki nga paoho ngoikore ngoikore penei i te hau, te mamaoa, te wai, he kowiri tira ranei.Ko nga karaehe rino kua waikura e kiia ana ko te maitai waikawa-atete.
Nā te rerekētanga o te hanganga matū o ngā mea e rua, he rerekē te ātete ki te waikura.Ko te rino kowiri noa te tikanga karekau e parea ki te waikura reo matū, ko te rino waikawa-atete te tikanga he kowiri.
2. Me pehea te whakarōpū i te kowiri tira?
Whakautu: E ai ki te ahua whakahaere, ka taea te wehea ki te martensitic steel, ferritic steel, austenitic steel, austenitic-ferritic (duplex) he kowiri tira me te uara whakapakeke kowiri tira.
(1) Martensitic maitai: te kaha nui, engari rawakore plasticity me weldability.
Ko nga tohu e whakamahia nuitia ana mo te martensitic kowiri tira ko 1Cr13, 3Cr13, me etahi atu, na te nui o te waro, he kaha te kaha, he pakeke me te kakahu, engari he iti te ngoikore o te aukati, a ka whakamahia mo nga taonga miihini teitei me te parenga waikura.Ko etahi waahanga whanui e hiahiatia ana, penei i nga puna, nga mata hiko hiko, nga reera perehi hydraulic, aha atu.
Ka whakamahia tenei momo rino i muri i te tiini me te whakamahana, a ka hiahiatia te annealing i muri i te hanga me te tarai.
(2) Ferritic maitai: 15% ki te 30% chromium.Ko te kaha o te waikura, te pakari me te weldability ka piki ake i te pikinga o te ihirangi chromium, me tona aukati ki te waikura ahotea pūhaumāota he pai ake i era atu momo kowiri tira, penei i te Crl7, Cr17Mo2Ti, Cr25, Cr25Mo3Ti, Cr28, etc.
Na te nui o te chromium, he pai te aukati i te waikura me te aukati waikura, engari he ngoikore ona ahuatanga miihini me nga ahuatanga o te tukanga.Ko te nuinga o te waa e whakamahia ana mo nga hanganga waikawa-atete me te iti o te ahotea me te rite ki te rino anti-oxidation.
Ka taea e tenei momo rino te aukati i te waikura o te hau, te waikawa nitric me te otinga tote, a he pai nga ahuatanga o te pai o te whakareatanga o te waiariki teitei me te iti o te whakareatanga whakareatanga werawera.Kei te whakamahia i roto i te waikawa nitric me nga taputapu wheketere kai, ka taea hoki te whakamahi ki te hanga i nga waahanga e mahi ana i nga waahi teitei, penei i nga waahanga turbine hau, me etahi atu.
(3) Austenitic maitai: He nui atu i te 18% chromium, kei roto hoki mo te 8% nickel me te iti o te molybdenum, te titanium, te hauota me etahi atu mea.He pai te mahi katoa, he atete ki te waikura e nga momo panui.
Ko te tikanga, ka tangohia te maimoatanga otinga, ara, ka whakawerahia te maitai ki te 1050-1150 ° C, katahi ka whakamataohia te wai, te hau-hau ranei kia whiwhi ai i te hanganga austenite kotahi-waahanga.
(4) Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) kowiri tira: Kei a ia nga painga o te austenitic me te ferritic kowiri tira, me te superplasticity.Austenite me te ferrite ia kaute mo te haurua o te kowiri tira.
I roto i te take o te iti o te ihirangi C, ko te ihirangi Cr he 18% ki te 28%, me te ihirangi Ni ko te 3% ki te 10%.Ko etahi tira kei roto ano i nga huānga whakakotahi penei i te Mo, Cu, Si, Nb, Ti, me N.
Ko tenei momo rino nga ahuatanga o te austenitic me te ferritic kowiri tira.Ka whakatauritea ki te ferrite, he teitei ake te kirihou me te uaua, kaore he pakaruhanga o te pāmahana rūma, he tino pai ake te aukati i te waikura intergranular me te mahi fehokotaki, i te pupuri i te rino Ko te kowiri tira o te tinana he pakarukaru i te 475 ° C, he teitei te kawe i te waiariki, me nga ahuatanga o te superplasticity. .
Ka whakatauritea ki te kowiri tira austenitic, he kaha te kaha me te tino pai ake te aukati ki te waikura intergranular me te waikura hauhautanga.He pai rawa te kowiri tira Duplex he parenga waikura poka, he kowiri tira hoki te tiaki nika.
(5) He kowiri tira te whakamaroke o te ua: he austenite, he martensite ranei te matrix, a ko nga reanga e whakamahia nuitia ana mo te whakamaroke o te rerenga he kowiri tira ko 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al me etahi atu.He kowiri tira ka taea te whakapakeke (whakakaha) na te whakamaroketanga o te ua (e mohiotia ana ko te pakeke pakeke).
E ai ki te hanganga, ka wehewehea ki te chromium kowiri tira, chromium-nickel kowiri tira me te chromium manganese hauota kowiri tira.
(1) Chromium kowiri tira he etahi parenga waikura (waikawa oxidizing, waikawa waro, cavitation), ātete wera me te mau ātete, a ka whakamahia hei taputapu taputapu mo nga teihana hiko, matū, me te hinu.Heoi, he rawakore tona weldability, me te aro ki te tukanga fehokotaki'anga me tikanga maimoatanga wera.
(2) I te wa o te whakapiri, ka tukuna te chromium-nickel kowiri tira ki te whakamahana tonu ki te whakaheke i nga carbide, ka whakaitihia te aukati i te waikura me nga taonga miihini.
(3) He pai te kaha, te ductility, te pakari, te ahua, te weldability, te mau atete me te waikura o te chromium-manganese kowiri tira.
二.Nga raruraru uaua i roto i te kowiri tira me te whakauru ki te whakamahi i nga rawa me nga taputapu
1. He aha te mea he uaua ki te whakapiri i te kowiri tira?
Whakautu: (1) He tino kaha te tairongo wera o te kowiri tira, me te wa noho i roto i te awhe pāmahana o 450-850 ° C he paku roa ake, a ka tino heke te parenga waikura o te weld me te rohe e pa ana ki te wera;
(2) he kapiti waiariki;
(3) He pai te whakamarumaru me te nui o te werawera teitei;
(4) He nui te whakarea roha raina, a he ngawari ki te whakaputa deformation fehokotaki'anga nui.
2. He aha nga tikanga hangarau whai hua ka taea te mahi mo te kowiri tira austenitic?
Whakautu: (1) Kia kaha te whiriwhiri i nga rauemi whakapiri kia rite ki te hanganga matū o te whakarewa turanga;
(2) Ko te whakapiri tere me te iti o naianei, ko te kaha o te raina iti ka whakaiti i te whakauru wera;
(3) Angiangi diameter waea fehokotaki'anga, tokotoko fehokotaki'anga, kore piu, maha-paparanga maha-pae fehokotaki'anga;
(4) Ko te whakamatao o te tui weld me te rohe e pa ana ki te wera hei whakaiti i te wa noho ki te 450-850°C;
(5) Te parenga Argon i te tuara o te weld TIG;
(6) Ko nga weld i roto i te whakapā ki te reo ha'iriiri e te mutunga paiherea;
(7) Te maimoatanga passivation o te tui weld me te rohe e pa ana ki te wera.
3. He aha tatou me whiriwhiri 25-13 raupapa waea fehokotaki'anga me te electrode mo te fehokotaki'anga austenitic kowiri tira, waro maitai me te iti koranu maitai (whakawhitiwhiti maitai rerekē)?
Whakautu: Fehokotaki'i maitai rerekē hononga paiherea hono austenitic kowiri tira ki te waro maitai me te iti koranu maitai, me whakamahi te whakarewa moni tāpui 25-13 raupapa waea fehokotaki'anga (309, 309L) me te tokotoko fehokotaki'anga (Austenitic 312, Austenitic 307, etc.).
Mena ka whakamahia etahi atu taputapu kowiri tira, ka puta te hanganga martensitic me nga kapiti makariri i runga i te raina whakakotahi i te taha o te waro maitai me te maitai koranu iti.
4. He aha te take i whakamahia ai e nga waea kowiri tira totoka te 98%Ar+2%O2 te hau parepare?
Whakautu: I roto i te MIG fehokotaki'anga o te waea kowiri tira totoka, ki te whakamahia te hau argon parakore mo te whakangungu rakau, he tiketike te mānukanuka mata o te puna rewa, a he kino te hanga te paihere, e whakaatu ana i te "humpback" hanga weld.Ko te taapiri i te 1 ki te 2% hāora ka taea te whakaheke i te mata o te puna rewa, a he maeneene, he ataahua hoki te tuitui weld.
5. He aha i mangu ai te mata o te waea whakarewa kowiri tira totoka MIG weld?Me pehea te whakaoti i tenei raru?
Whakautu: He tere te tere o te MIG o te waea whakarewa kowiri tira totoka (30-60cm/min).I te wa kua rere te puha hau whakamarumaru ki te waahi kaukau rewa o mua, kei te noho tonu te tuitui weld i roto i te ahua wera-whero-wera, he ngawari te waikura e te hau, ka hangaia nga waikura ki te mata.He pango te paihere.Ka taea e te tikanga passivation pickling te tango i te kiri pango me te whakahoki i te tae mata taketake o te kowiri tira.
6. He aha te take me whakamahi i te waea hiko kowiri tira totoka ki te whakamahi i te hiko hiko kia tutuki ai te whakawhiti jet me te mokowhiti kore utu?
Whakautu: A, no te totoka kowiri tira waea MIG fehokotaki'anga, φ1.2 waea fehokotaki'anga, ka te nāianei ahau ≥ 260 ~ 280A, e taea te mohio te whakawhiti jet;Ko te maturuturunga iho he whakawhiti iahiko poto me te iti iho i tenei uara, he nui te mokowhiti, kaore i te tūtohutia.
Ma te whakamahi noa i te MIG mana hiko me te pupuhi, ka taea te whakawhiti i te maturuturutanga o te putere mai i te tohu iti ki te tohu nui (kowhiri i te uara iti, teitei ranei e ai ki te diameter waea), te kowhatu kore utu.
7. He aha te take i parea ai te waea kowiri tira kowiri tira na te hau CO2 hei utu mo te hiko hiko?
Whakautu: I tenei wa e whakamahia ana i tenei wa he waea kowiri tira kowiri tira (penei i te 308, 309, me etahi atu), ka whakawhanakehia te tauira rererangi i roto i te waea whakapiri i runga i te tauhohenga whakarewa matū matū i raro i te tiaki o te hau CO2, na i te nuinga o te waa. , karekau he take mo te tuku hiko whakahiato arc (Ko te mana o te hiko me te pupuhi me whakamahi i te hau whakauru), ki te hiahia koe ki te whakauru i te whakawhitinga maturuturu i mua, ka taea hoki e koe te whakamahi i te hiko hiko o te hiko, i te tauira whakaahuru hau maru ranei me te welding hau hanumi.
Te wa tuku: Maehe-24-2023